|
 This
page provides links to information resources about the management
and phase out of HCFCs.
Note: If you would like to suggest
a document/link which you feel is relevant to this page, please
click
here to send us an email.
About this web site: see information
note on UNEP
web site and Swedish
EPA web site
HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons)
are widely used in the refrigeration, foam, solvent, aerosol and
fire fighting sectors as a transitional substance to substitute
CFCs. HCFCs are also used as feedstock (raw material) in the production
for other chemical products.
HCFCs were introduced in the 1990s as alternative chemicals for
CFCs and added to the list of substances controlled by the Montreal
Protocol. It was acknowledged at the time that these chemicals,
with considerably lower ozone depleting potentials (ODP), were transitional
and their production and consumption was also to be phased out under
the Montreal Protocol. Although having considerably lower ozone
depleting potentials than CFCs, many HCFCs have high global warming
potentials, of up to 2000 times that of carbon dioxide.
In 2006 global HCFC production was 34,400 ODP tonnes and approximately
75% of global HCFC use is in air-conditioning and refrigeration
sectors. The main HCFC used is HCFC-22 or chlorodifluoromethane.
At the 20th anniversary meeting of the Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone layer agreement was reached to adjust
the Montreal Protocol's HCFC phase out schedule to accelerate
the phase-out of production and consumption of HCFCS. This decision
will result in a significant reduction in ozone depletion and well
as in global warming.
The schedule for Article 5 (developing) countries is:
|
Schedule
|
Year
|
| Baseline |
Average of
2009 and 2010 |
| Freeze |
2013 |
| 90% (reduction of 10%)
|
2015 |
| 65% (reduction of 35%)
|
2020 |
| 32.5% (reduction of 67.5%)
|
2025 |
| Annual average of 2.5%
|
2030 to 2040 |
| 0% (reduction of 100 %)
|
2040 |
|
|
|
|
Avoiding
a Double Phase-out: Alternative Technologies to HCFCs in Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning |
|
A case study booklet developed by the OzonAction
Programme in 1999 that informs developing countries about
how companies and organisations in other countries have successfully
identified, evaluated and adopted refrigerants that do not
rely on HCFCs. Each case study includes background about the
company, a description of the alternative technology, observations
about the applicability to developing countries, and contacts
for more information.
|
| Source:
UNEP DTIE's OzonAction Programme |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
Building
Owners Save Money, Save the Earth, Replace Your CFC Air Conditioning
Chiller |
|
A brochure explaining the environmental and
financial reasons to replace CFC chillers with new, energy-efficient
equipment. A partnership of internatinal organisations, governments,
manufacturers, NGOs and others have endorsed the brochure
to eliminate uncertainty and underscore the wisdom of replacing
CFC chillers.
|
| Source:
USEPA, UNEP DTIE OzonAction Programme, UNDP, World Bank |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
Refrigerants,
Naturally  |
| A global
initiative of companies committed to combat climate change and
ozone layer depletion by substituting fluorinated gases ("F-gases",
such as CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs) with natural refrigerants. Refrigerants,
Naturally! is supported by the United Nation Environment Programme
and Greenpeace and is recognised as a "Partnership for
Sustainable Development" by the UN Commission on Sustainable
Development. See also the Refrigerants,
Naturally partnership page on this site. |
| Source:
Refrigerants, Naturally |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
An
Early Freeze to Stop the Warming
|
|
An Environmental Investigation Agency review
of the phase-out scenarios which were under discussion at
the 19th Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal Protocol and
recommends how to achieve maximum benefits for the climate
and the ozone layer.
|
| Source:
Environmental Investigation Agency |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
HCFC
Phase-Out
|
|
A comparative assessment by the Environmental
Investigation Agency of the proposed Adjustments which were
considered at the 19th Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal
Protocol.
|
| Source:
Environmental Investigation Agency |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
Turning
up the Heat
|
|
An Environmental Investigation Agency report
that explores linkages between ozone layer depletion and climate
change: the urgent case of HCFCs and HFCs.
|
| Source:
Environmental Investigation Agency |
|
|
|
|
Factsheet:
Status report on HCFCs |
|
Part of a series of factsheets developed by
the Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) team located in
UNEP's Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) to
address developing countries' priority questions related to
compliance with the Montreal Protocol.
|
| Source:
UNEP DTIE's OzonAction Programme |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
Article
7 data access centre on HCFCs |
|
A searchable database on HCFC consumption
and production data as reported by countries to the Ozone
Secretariat.
|
| Source:
UNEP Ozone Secretariat |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
Executive
Committee discussions about HCFC surveys for Argentina, Brazil,
China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran,
Lebanon, Mexico, Venezuela |
|
Information about the HCFC surveys undertaken
by UNDP (for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia,
Islamic Republic of Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Venezuela) and
by the Government of Germany (for China). From the report
of the 51st Meeting of the Executive Committee, March 2007
(document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/51/46).
|
| Executive
Committee discussions about HCFC surveys for Malaysia, Sri Lanka
and the Syrian Arab Republic |
|
Information about these surveys undertaken by UNDP. From
the report of the 52nd Meeting of the Executive Committee,
July 2007
(document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/52/55).
|
| Source:
Multilateral Fund Secretariat |
|
hcfc
|
|
|
HCFC
surveys in nine article 5 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lebanon, Mexico,
and Venezuela |
|
Summary and preliminary conclusions of HCFC country surveys.
Paper presented by UNDP to the 51st Meeting of the Executive
Committee, March 2007 (document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/51/Inf.2).
|
|
HCFC
surveys in Article 5 countries: Sri Lanka, the Syrian Arab
Republic and Addendum
|
Paper
presented by UNDP to the 52nd Meeting of the Executive Committee,
June 2007. (document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/52/Inf.2 and
UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/52/Inf.2/Add.1)
|
| Study
on the strategy for the long term management of HCFCs in China
|
|
Paper presented by Germany to the 51st Meeting of the Executive
Committee, March 2007 (document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/51/Inf.3)
|
| Source:
Multilateral Fund Secretariat |
|
|
|
|
Trade
Names of Chemicals containing Ozone Depleting Substances and
their Alternatives |
|
A worldwide database of the commercial trade
names of chemical products containing ozone depleting chemicals
-including HCFCs - controlled under the Montreal Protocol.
This service is designed to help customs officials and National
Ozone Units control imports and exports of these chemicals
and prevent their illegal trade.
|
| Source:
UNEP DTIE's OzonAction Programme |
|
|
|
|
|
1694 days
or
56 months
to go
|
|
HCFC
freeze
|
|
|
2424
days or
80 months
to go
|
|
HCFC reduction
to 90% of baseline
|
|
